Ni Aina Gani za Kanda Maalum za Usimamizi wa Forodha Zipo nchini Uchina?
Imechangiwa na Bi. Zhao Jing, Kampuni ya Sheria ya Hylands. Kwa machapisho zaidi kuhusu Masuala ya Forodha ya China, tafadhali bofya hapa.
Kuna aina tano za Kanda Maalum za Usimamizi wa Forodha (SCSZ) nchini Uchina, ikijumuisha maeneo ya biashara huria yaliyounganishwa, maeneo ya biashara huria, maeneo ya usindikaji wa bidhaa nje ya nchi, mbuga za viwanda zinazovuka mpaka, na kanda za bandari zilizounganishwa.
Kufikia mwisho wa Desemba 2022, kuna jumla ya SCSZ 168 nchini Uchina.
1. Maeneo 156 ya biashara huria yaliyounganishwa
Maeneo ya biashara huria yaliyounganishwa ni SCSZ zenye shughuli za bandari zilizounganishwa zilizoanzishwa katika maeneo ya bara. Katika kanda kama hizo, Forodha ya China inatekeleza sera za kodi na fedha za kigeni za kanda za bandari zilizounganishwa.
Kanda kama hizo hujumuisha kazi za kanda za biashara huria, kanda za usindikaji wa kuuza nje, kanda za usafirishaji zilizounganishwa na bandari, na kuzifanya zinafaa kwa maendeleo ya usafirishaji wa kimataifa, usambazaji, ununuzi, biashara ya biashara, upimaji, huduma baada ya kuuza, matengenezo na usindikaji wa nje, n.k. .
Pia ni maeneo maalum ya wazi ya China yenye kiwango cha juu zaidi cha ufunguaji mlango, sera za upendeleo zaidi, kazi pana zaidi na taratibu zilizorahisishwa zaidi.
2. Kanda mbili za bandari zilizounganishwa
Kanda za bandari zilizounganishwa ni SCSZ ambazo zina bandari, vifaa, usindikaji au kazi nyinginezo na zimeanzishwa ndani ya maeneo ya bandari yaliyofunguliwa nje na Serikali na maeneo maalum yaliyo karibu na maeneo ya bandari.
Kazi maalum za kanda za bandari zilizounganishwa ni pamoja na kuhifadhi na vifaa; biashara ya nje; manunuzi ya kimataifa, usambazaji na utoaji; usafiri wa kimataifa; ukaguzi na huduma baada ya kuuza na matengenezo; maonyesho ya bidhaa; utafiti na maendeleo, usindikaji na utengenezaji; uendeshaji wa bandari na kazi nyingine.
3. Maeneo nane ya biashara huria
Maeneo ya biashara huria yapo katika kiwango cha chini kuliko maeneo ya biashara huria yaliyounganishwa na yanalenga zaidi "maghala yaliyounganishwa, usindikaji wa mauzo ya nje na biashara ya entrepot". Wanafurahia sera za "msamaha wa vyeti, msamaha wa kodi na shughuli za dhamana".
4. Eneo moja la usindikaji wa kuuza nje
Maeneo ya usindikaji wa kuuza nje ni maeneo maalum yaliyotengwa kwa ajili ya utengenezaji, usindikaji, au kukusanya bidhaa za kuuza nje. Bidhaa zote au nyingi zinazotengenezwa katika kanda ni za kuuza nje.
5. Hifadhi moja ya viwanda vya mpakani
Viwanja vya viwanda vya mipakani hutekeleza sera ya upendeleo mara tatu ya "maeneo yaliyounganishwa, sera ya kurejesha kodi ya mauzo ya nje ya maeneo ya usindikaji wa bidhaa nje na bandari maalum ya saa 24 kwa kibali cha forodha". Ushuru wa Forodha wa China hushughulikia taratibu zinazofaa za bidhaa zinazokuja na kuondoka ndani ya eneo hilo kwa mujibu wa masharti ya maeneo ya biashara huria, na kupitisha mfumo wa kuhifadhi faili kwa ajili ya usimamizi.
Usambazaji wa kikanda na orodha ya SCSZ nchini kote kufikia mwisho wa Desemba 2022 | ||
No | Mkoa/Mkoa/Manispaa | jina |
1 | Beijing | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Beijing Tianzhu |
2 | Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Beijing Daxing Ukanda Huria wa Biashara | |
3 | Tianjin | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Tianjin Dongjiang |
4 | Tianjin Binhai Eneo Jipya la Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria | |
5 | Bandari ya Tianjin Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria | |
6 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Tianjin TEDA | |
7 | Hebei | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Caofeidian |
8 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Qinhuangdao | |
9 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Langfang | |
10 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Shijiazhuang | |
11 | Shanxi | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Taiyuan Wusu |
12 | Mongolia | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Hohhot |
13 | Ordos Integrated Free Trade Zone | |
14 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Manzhouli | |
15 | Liaoning | Dalian Dayaowan Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria |
16 | Dalian Wanli Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria | |
17 | Eneo Huria la Biashara la Dalian | |
18 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Yingkou | |
19 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Shenyang | |
20 | Jilin | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Changchun Xinglong |
21 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Huichun | |
22 | Heilongjiang | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Suifenhe |
23 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Harbin | |
24 | Shanghai | Eneo Maalum la Biashara Huria la Yangshan |
25 | Uwanja wa Ndege wa Shanghai Pudong Ukanda Huria wa Biashara Huria | |
26 | Bandari ya Shanghai Waigaoqiao Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria | |
27 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Shanghai Waigaoqiao | |
28 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Songjiang | |
29 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Jinqiao | |
30 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Qingpu | |
31 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Caohejing | |
32 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Fengxian | |
33 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Jiading | |
34 | Jiangsu | Eneo la Bandari Iliyounganishwa ya Zhangjiagang |
35 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Suzhou | |
36 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Kunshan | |
37 | Ukanda Huria wa Biashara Huria wa Eneo la Maendeleo ya Viwanda la Suzhou Hi-Tech | |
38 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Wuxi Hi-Tech Zone | |
39 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Yancheng | |
40 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Huai'an | |
41 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Nanjing | |
42 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Lianyungang | |
43 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Zhenjiang | |
44 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Changzhou | |
45 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Wuzhong | |
46 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Wujiang | |
47 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Yangzhou | |
48 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Changshu | |
49 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Wujin | |
50 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Taizhou | |
51 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Nantong | |
52 | Taicang Port Integrated Free Trade Zone | |
53 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Jiangyin | |
54 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Xuzhou | |
55 | Zhejiang | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Ningbo Meishan |
56 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Ningbo | |
57 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Ningbo Beilun | |
58 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Ningbo Qianwan | |
59 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Zhoushan | |
60 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Hangzhou | |
61 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Jiaxing | |
62 | Jingyi Integrated Free Trade Zone | |
63 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Wenzhou | |
64 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Yiwu | |
65 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Shaoxing | |
66 | Taixing Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria | |
67 | Anhui | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Wuhu |
68 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Eneo la Maendeleo ya Kiuchumi na Kiteknolojia la Hefei | |
69 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Hefei | |
70 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Ma'anshan | |
71 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Anqing | |
72 | Fujian | Xiamen Haicang Port Integrated Eneo la Biashara Huria |
73 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Quanzhou | |
74 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Xiamen Xiangyu | |
75 | Eneo Huria la Biashara la Xiamen Xiangyu | |
76 | Eneo Huria la Biashara la Fuzhou | |
77 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Fuzhou | |
78 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Fuzhou Jiangyin | |
79 | Jiangxi | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Jiujiang |
80 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Nanchang | |
81 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Ganzhou | |
82 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Jinggangshan | |
83 | Shandong | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Weifang |
84 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Jinan | |
85 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Dongying | |
86 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Zhangjin | |
87 | Zibo Integrated Free Trade Zone | |
88 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Qingdao Qianwan | |
89 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Yantai | |
90 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Weihai | |
91 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Qingdao Jiaozhou | |
92 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Qingdao Pwani ya Magharibi | |
93 | Linyi Integrated Free Trade Zone | |
94 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Rizhao | |
95 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Qingdao Jimo | |
96 | Uwanja wa Ndege wa Qingdao Ukanda Huria wa Biashara Huria | |
97 | Henan | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Zhengzhou Xinzheng |
98 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Eneo la Maendeleo ya Kiuchumi na Kiteknolojia la Zhengzhou | |
99 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Nanyang Wolong | |
100 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Luoyang | |
101 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Kaifeng | |
102 | Hubei | Eneo Huru la Biashara la Wuhan Donghu |
103 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Eneo la Maendeleo ya Kiuchumi na Kiteknolojia la Wuhan | |
104 | Uwanja wa Ndege wa Wuhan Xingang Ukanda Huria wa Biashara Huria | |
105 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Yichang | |
106 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Xiangyang | |
107 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Huangshi Qipanzhou | |
108 | Hunan | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Hengyang |
109 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Chenzhou | |
110 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Xiangtan | |
111 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Yueyang Chenglingji | |
112 | Changsha Huanghua Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria | |
113 | Guangdong | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Guangzhou Nansha |
114 | Uwanja wa Ndege wa Guangzhou Baiyun Jumuishi wa Eneo Huria la Biashara | |
115 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Shenzhen Qianhai | |
116 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Shenzhen Yantian | |
117 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Futian | |
118 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Shenzhen Pingshan | |
119 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Guangzhou Huangpu | |
120 | Eneo Huria la Biashara la Guangzhou | |
121 | Guangdong Guangzhou Export Processing Zone | |
122 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Dongguan Humen | |
123 | Eneo Huria la Biashara la Zhuhai | |
124 | Zhuhai Park, Zhuhai-Macau Cross-border Industrial Park | |
125 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Zhuhai Gaolan | |
126 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Shantou | |
127 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Meizhou | |
128 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Zhanjiang | |
129 | Guangxi | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Qinzhou |
130 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Guangxi Pingxiang | |
131 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Beihai | |
132 | Nanning Integrated Free Trade Zone | |
133 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Wuzhou | |
134 | Hainan | Eneo la Bandari Huria ya Hainan Yangpu |
135 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Hiakou | |
136 | Uwanja wa Ndege wa Haikou Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria | |
137 | Chongqing | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Chongqing Xiyong |
138 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Chongqing Lianglu Guoyuan | |
139 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Chongqing Jiangjin | |
140 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Chongqing Fuling | |
141 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Chongqing Wanzhou | |
142 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Chongqing Yongchuan | |
143 | Sichuan | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Chengdu Hi-Tech |
144 | Chengdu Hi-tech West Park Integrated Eneo la Biashara Huria | |
145 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Mianyang | |
146 | Bandari ya Kimataifa ya Reli ya Chengdu Eneo Huria la Biashara | |
147 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Luzhou | |
148 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Yibin | |
149 | Guizhou | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Guiyang |
150 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Gui'an | |
151 | Zunyi Integrated Free Trade Zone | |
152 | Yunnan | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Kunming |
153 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Honghe | |
154 | Shaanxi | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Xi'an |
155 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Xi'an Guanzhong | |
156 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Xi'an Hi-tech | |
157 | Xi'an Aviation Base Integrated Eneo la Biashara Huria | |
158 | Eneo Huru la Biashara la Baoji | |
159 | Uwanja wa Ndege wa Shaanxi Xixian Ukanda Huria wa Biashara Huria | |
160 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Shaanxi Yangling | |
161 | Gansu | Eneo Jipya la Lanzhou Jumuishi la Biashara Huria |
162 | Ningxia | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Yinchuan |
163 | Xinjiang | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Alashankou |
164 | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Urumqi | |
165 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Horgos | |
166 | Eneo la Biashara Huria la Kashgar | |
167 | Qinghai | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Xining |
168 | Tibet | Eneo Huria la Biashara Huria la Lhasa |
Mchangiaji: Zhao Jing
Wakala/Kampuni: Kampuni ya Sheria ya Hylands
Nafasi/Kichwa: Mshirika
Picha na Ian Simmonds on Unsplash