Hydrogen pụtara dị ka nkume nkuku nke atụmatụ ike nke China: ọganihu na ihe ịma aka
Ka China na-agba mbọ imezu ebumnuche ya nke “carbon kacha elu” na “nọpụ iche carbon”, mkpa atụmatụ ike hydrogen enwetala nke ọma. N'okpuru atụmatụ "carbon abụọ" ahụ, mkpa hydrogen na-arị elu, nke atumatu na atumatu gọọmentị na-adịbeghị anya kwadoro.
Na Maachị 2022, National Development and Reform Commission nke China (NDRC) na National Energy Administration (NEA) weputara “atụmatụ afọ ise nke iri na anọ maka sistemu ike ọgbara ọhụrụ” yana “atụmatụ mmepe nke Ọkara na ogologo oge maka ụlọ ọrụ Hydrogen Energy Industry. (14-2021),” idowe hydrogen siri ike dịka akụkụ dị mkpa nke atụmatụ mgbanwe ike nke mba ahụ.
Edepụtara ngalaba "Hydrogen Technology and Application", yana mpaghara ojiji hydrogen dị iche iche, n'ụdị agbamume nke "Katalọgụ Nduzi Nduzi Ntuzi Ụlọ Ọrụ" nke NDRC wepụtara na 2023 (akwụkwọ maka echiche ọha). Nke a na-agụnye teknụzụ dị iche iche, site na mmepụta hydrogen nke ọma, nchekwa na njem gaa na ngwa njedebe dị iche iche, dị ka ụgbọ ala ndị na-agba mmanụ hydrogen na ọdụ mmanụ ọzọ dị ọcha.
Na-eto eto nke hydrogen na China ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ike odida obodo nwere ike ịsị na ọ na-arụ dị ka a dị oké mkpa usoro iji kwado nnukwu mmepe nke mmeghari ume ume, ikwado miri decarbonization na njem, ụlọ ọrụ, na-ewu, na-enye ezigbo mmanụ ụgbọala nhọrọ na ngalaba. ebe electrification na-ama aka. Ebe China bụ onye na-azụ hydrogen kacha n'ụwa ma na-eche nrụgide mbelata carbon dị ukwuu ihu, ike hydrogen nwere ikike dị ukwuu na mgbanwe ike nke mba na mbọ nrụpụta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Atụmatụ China "Green Hydrogen First" lekwasịrị anya n'ụzọ abụọ bụ isi: imebi ngwa hydrogen dị ugbu a na ileba anya na mpaghara ebe ọkụ eletrik na-agaghị ekwe omume.
Ụlọ ọrụ hydrogen dị ugbu a na mmalite ya, na-agbakọ ọnụ ahịa dị ka ihe mgbochi dị mkpa. Agbanyeghị, n'ime afọ abụọ gara aga, a hụla ọganihu n'ofe uru hydrogen n'ihi teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu na amụma gọọmentị na-akwado.
N'ime mmepụta hydrogen, ntinye nke ọrụ ngosi hydrogen nke nwere ike imeghari ume emela ka mmụba dị ukwuu na mbupu elektrọnik nke China. N'agbata afọ 2020 na 2022, mbupu sitere na 185 MW ruo 350 MW ruo 800 MW, na-egosipụta nnukwu uto uto kwa afọ (CAGR) nke 88.8%. N'ụzọ doro anya, ọganihu na teknụzụ alkaline electrolyzer na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa, yana ụfọdụ ngwaahịa na-enwetala oriri ugbu a n'okpuru 4.0 kWh/Nm³ nke hydrogen. Mmepe ngwa ngwa nke isi mmalite ike mmeghari ume dị ka ike anyanwụ na ikuku na-enyekwa aka n'ibelata ọnụ ahịa ọkụ eletrik.
N'ime njem ụgbọ njem hydrogen, enweela ọganihu site n'itinye ọrụ pipeline "West Hydrogen to East" na atụmatụ netwọk ike mba China. Ọrụ a na-agbawa agbawa ga-ebuga hydrogen n'ebe dị anya karịa kilomita 400, na-eleba anya na enweghị ahaghị nhata nke ọkọnọ na ije ozi dị ka ihe atụ maka netwọk ụgbọ njem ikuku nke mpaghara n'ọdịnihu.
Akụkụ nkesa ahụ ahụwokwa nnukwu uto, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri hydrogen na China ruru 351 na ọkara mbụ nke 2023, na-anọchite anya oke zuru ụwa ọnụ nke 32%.
N'agbanyeghị ọganihu ndị a, ọnụ ahịa ka bụ nnukwu ihe ịma aka maka ngwa ụlọ ọrụ hydrogen zuru ebe niile. Ọnụ ego mmepụta "Green hydrogen" ka na-aka karịa nke hydrogen sitere na mmanụ ọkụ na mpaghara ụfọdụ. Agbanyeghị, ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-abawanye ngwa ngwa, ọ na-ebute ọganihu teknụzụ yana mbelata ọnụ ahịa.
N'ikpeazụ, atụmatụ hydrogen nke China na-enweta traction dị ka akụkụ dị oke mkpa nke mgbanwe ike ya dị ọcha. Ọ bụ ezie na enweela ọganihu n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke yinye uru hydrogen, ihe mgbochi ọnụ ahịa na-anọgide na-abụ nnukwu ihe mgbochi. Ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-etolite, nyocha ezi uche nke ọnọdụ ọ dị ugbu a ga-adị mkpa iji nweta ebumnuche mbelata carbon carbon nke China na ịkwalite nnabata hydrogen na-adigide.
