Batrị ụgbọ ala eletrik nke China: nyocha nke 2023 site na Jenụwarị ruo June

Dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi, a na-akpọkarị batrị ụgbọ ala eletrik (EV) dị ka "obi" nke ụgbọ ala eletrik, karịa mkpa injin ahụ dị na ụgbọ ala ndị na-enye mmanụ ọkụ. N'ime mmepe nke eletriki ụgbọ ala, ihe ọhụrụ na teknụzụ batrị EV arụwo ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọganihu ịnya ụgbọ ala ma bụrụkwa ihe dị mkpa n'ịhazigharị ahịrị uru ụgbọ ala. China, na-eji ike nke mmepe ụgbọ ala ume ọhụrụ, ji nke nta nke nta na-enweta ikike na mmetụta na ụlọ ọrụ ijeri dollar a.

N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, China Electric Vehicle Battery Industry Innovation Alliance (nke a na-akpọ "Battery Alliance") wepụtara data ọhụrụ kwa ọnwa na batrị EV. Data kpọmkwem bụ dị ka ndị a:

• Mmepụta: Site na Jenụwarị ruo June nke 2023, mmepụta batrị EV nke China ruru 293.6GWh, na-abawanye kwa afọ site na 36.8%.
• Ahịa: Site na Jenụwarị ruo June nke afọ 2023, ire ahịa batrị EV nke China ruru 256.5GWh, na-abawanye kwa afọ site na 17.5%.
• Ike arụnyere: Site na Jenụwarị ruo June nke 2023, batrị EV nke China arụnyere ikike ruru 152.1GWh, yana mmụba otu afọ na 38.1%.

Ọzọkwa, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ ọrụ batrị EV na-akwado ụgbọ ala eletrik abawanyela. E jiri ya tụnyere ọnwa ise gara aga, ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ dị ka Linkage Tianyi, Tianyi Energy, Huzhou Weilan Technology, Xingying Technology, na Zhejiang Guanyu apụtala n'ahịa.

N'ihe gbasara òkè ahịa, CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited) na-aga n'ihu na-ejigide ọkwá ya na 43.4% ahịa ahịa na ọkara mbụ nke afọ, na-eji ike arụnyere 66.03 GWh. BYD (Mee Nrọ Gị) na-esochi ya na oke ahịa 29.85% yana ikike arụnyere nke 45.41 GWh. CALB (China Aviation Batrị Lithium Batrị), EVE Energy, na Guoxuan High-Tech ọkwa nke atọ, nke anọ na nke ise, yana oke ahịa nke 8.26%, 4.35%, na 3.98%, n'otu n'otu.

Na ọkara mbụ nke 2023, usoro ahịa nke batrị EV na China na-edo anya karị. N'ahịa ụlọ, ọnọdụ "otu na-achị, ọtụtụ siri ike" gara aga nke CATL nọgidere na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ asọmpi "1 + 1 + N" nke CATL na BYD jikọtara ọnụ.

Batrị lithium-ion ka bụ nhọrọ bụ isi maka ụgbọ ala eletrik, yana ndị asọmpi kachasị ama bụ batrị lithium ternary na batrị phosphate iron phosphate. Tupu 2017, ahịa kacha amasị batrị lithium iron phosphate maka obere na micro EVs n'ihi ọnụ ala ha dị ala, nchekwa dị elu, yana ogologo ndụ okirikiri. Agbanyeghị, na ọganihu na teknụzụ batrị lithium ternary na atumatu na-agba ume njupụta ume dị elu, batrị lithium ternary ji nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ ọkọlọtọ ụlọ ọrụ site na 2017.

Mana na mwepu nke enyemaka maka batrị lithium ternary yana njikwa ọnụ ahịa na mpaghara ụgbọ ala ike ọhụrụ, batrị lithium iron phosphate ahụla ịmaliteghachi kemgbe 2021, na-erute òkè ahịa nke 51% maka afọ zuru ezu, na-agbasawanye ruo 55.6% na 2022.

N'ihe dị ka ọkara mbụ nke 2023, ikike ntinye nke China maka batrị EV ruru 152.1GWh, yana batrị ternary na-aza 48.0GWh (31.5% nke mkpokọta, yana mmụba otu afọ nke 5.2%), yana lithium iron phosphate. batrị ruru 103.9GWh (68.3% nke mkpokọta, yana mmụba nke afọ na afọ nke 61.5%).

N'iji ya tụnyere batrị ternary, batrị lithium iron phosphate nwere uru na nchekwa na ọnụ ahịa n'ihi na ha anaghị achọ akụrụngwa dị oke ọnụ dị ka nickel na cobalt. Site na ihe ọhụrụ dị ka teknụzụ CATL's CTP (cell-to-pack) na batrị agụba BYD, akwụghachila emezighị emezi nke ike dị ala na batrị lithium iron phosphate, na-eme ka ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala ume ọhụrụ na-akwado ha.

BYD apụtala dị ka onye bụ isi na mweghachi nke batrị phosphate iron lithium. N'ime ọkara mbụ nke 2023, arụmọrụ BYD dị ịrịba ama. Ike batrị EV ya arụnyere bụ 45.41GWh, na-echekwa ọnọdụ nke abụọ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Oke ahịa ya mụbara site na 21.59% n'otu oge ahụ n'afọ gara aga ruo 29.85%, na-ebelata oghere na CATL.

Ọ bụ ezie na CATL ka bụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ nwere ikike arụnyere nke 66.03GWh, oke ahịa ya agbadala na 43.4%, na-efunahụ 4.27% ma e jiri ya tụnyere otu oge ahụ n'afọ gara aga. Ike arụnyere CATL maka batrị lithium ternary bụ 29.59GWh, na-aza 34.21% nke mkpokọta arụnyere, mana ọ ka na-ejide oke nke 61.65% n'ahịa batrị lithium ụlọ.

N'ọhịa nke batrị phosphate iron lithium, ikike arụnyere CATL maka ọkara mbụ nke afọ bụ 36.44GWh, na-aza 35.06% nke mkpokọta ụlọ. Ọ bụ ezie na BYD karịrị ya n'ime ọnwa ụfọdụ n'afọ gara aga, BYD nọgidere na-azụ ahịa ahịa nke 43.68% na ọkara mbụ nke 2023, na-ejigide "ocheeze" ya na akụkụ batrị phosphate iron lithium.

Echiche nke "ụdị inye onwe onye" bụ ikekwe uru kachasị mma nke BYD n'ịchụso CATL. Ugbu a, ewezuga BYD, ndị na-emepụta batrị ndị ọzọ ka na-adabere na iwu sitere n'aka ndị na-emepụta ụgbọ ala. Ikike BYD iji mejuputa nnukwu “mmepụta onwe na iji onwe ya” maka ụdị ụgbọ nke ya na-ekewapụ ya iche.

Ewezuga asọmpi dị n'etiti BYD na CATL na ngalaba batrị lithium iron phosphate, CATL na-eche asọmpi sitere n'aka ndị na-eweta batrị ndị ọzọ maka ndị ahịa ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, GAC Aion, otu n'ime ụdị abụọ kachasị elu n'ihe gbasara ire ụgbọ ala ike ọhụrụ, tụgharịrị onye na-ebubata batrị ya site na CATL gaa CALB n'ihi ihe kpatara ọnụ ahịa.

Ndị na-eweta batrị na ọkwa nke abụọ, gụnyere CALB, EVE Energy, na Sunwoda, ahụla òkè ahịa ha na-eto ma e jiri ya tụnyere otu oge ahụ n'afọ gara aga, n'ihi uru ha bara. Ike arụnyere batrị CALB mụbara site na 7.58% na ọkara mbụ nke afọ gara aga ruo 8.26%. EVE Energy, nwere ikike arụnyere nke 6.61GWh, rịgoro n'ọnọdụ nke anọ na ụlọ ọrụ batrị EV, yana oke ahịa nke 4.35%. Sunwoda gbagoro site na pasent abụọ ruo 2.46%.

N'ime ụlọ ọrụ iri kachasị elu, Guoxuan High-Tech, LG, na SVOLT nwetara mbelata nke ahịa ahịa. Oke ahịa LG na China, ewezuga Tesla, na-agbadata nke ọma n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Guoxuan High-Tech, n'agbanyeghị na Volkswagen na-akwado ya, enwebeghị ike ịbanye na sistemụ ọkọnọ Volkswagen na China n'ihi ụzọ ọrụ aka ya. SVOLT ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na ọkara mbụ nke afọ bụ n'ihi ire ere nke ụlọ ọrụ nne na nna ya, ụgbọ ala eletriki Great Wall Motors.

Dabere na data sitere na Batrị Alliance, ụlọ ọrụ batrị 48 EV dị na China nwetara ikike arụnyere 148.4GWh, na-aza 97.5% nke ngụkọta arụnyere, ebe ụlọ ọrụ 38 fọdụrụnụ kesara naanị 2.5% nke ahịa ahụ, na-egosi nnukwu itinye uche. n'ahịa. N'afọ gara aga na afọ gara aga, ụlọ ọrụ iri kacha elu nwere oke ahịa nke 94.7% na 92%, n'otu n'otu.

N'ime ọnwa ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ndị na-emepụta batrị EV nke China ejiriwo ike na-achụso ahịa mba ụwa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, CATL kwuputara mmekorita ya na Ford iji wuo ụlọ ọrụ batrị na United States, yana itinye ego ruru ijeri $3.5 ka ọ na-erule 2026. N'otu aka ahụ, onye enyemaka Guoxuan High-Tech, Hefei Guoxuan, bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nghọta na ndị nrụpụta batrị Europe. InoBat ijikọ aka guzobe ụlọ ọrụ batrị EV nke ikike 40GWh na Europe. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị ka Farasis Energy na SVOLT etinyewokwa ego na ụlọ ọrụ batrị nke mba ofesi.

Dabere na nyocha SNE, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha Korea, CATL na BYD gara n'ihu na-ejide ọnọdụ abụọ kachasị elu na ụlọ ọrụ batrị EV zuru ụwa ọnụ, yana oke ahịa nke 26.3% na 16.1%, n'otu n'otu, maka oge site na Jenụwarị ruo Mee 2023. òkè ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ China (CATL, BYD, CALB, Guoxuan High-Tech, EVE Energy, na Sunwoda) mụbara site na 56.1% n'otu oge ahụ n'afọ gara aga ruo 62.7%, ebe ụlọ ọrụ Korea (LG, SK ON, na Samsung). hụrụ na oke ahịa ha na-agbada ruo 23.3%.

N'ofe isii kachasị elu, asọmpi ahụ dị egwu n'etiti ZENERGY, SVOLT, LG New Energy, Farasis Energy, na Rept Batero. ZENERGY, ọkachasị, enwetala mmekọrịta ya na ndị na-anya ụgbọ ala dịka SAIC Motor na SAIC-GM.

N'ikpeazụ, ụlọ ọrụ batrị eletriki eletrik nke China na-agba akaebe na-eto ngwa ngwa, CATL na BYD na-ebute ụzọ na asọmpi ahụ. CATL ka na-ejide ikike ya na mpaghara batrị lithium ternary, ebe BYD jigidere “ocheeze” ya nke ọma na mpaghara batrị phosphate iron lithium. Agbanyeghị, mpaghara ahịa na-aga n'ihu n'ike n'ike, yana ndị egwuregwu na-apụta ma na-elekwasị anya na ahịa mba ụwa. Ka ụlọ ọrụ batrị EV nke China na-aga n'ihu na-agbasawanye, ọ ka dị mkpa maka ndị na-emepụta ihe ime ọhụrụ na ime mgbanwe na mgbanwe ahịa ahịa iji nọgide na-enwe ọnọdụ ha na mpaghara asọmpi dị ukwuu.

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