China nakweere ikpe mkpebi akụ na ụba German ọzọ na 2023

Oge igodo:

Na Jenụwarị 2023, thelọ ikpe ndị mmadụ etiti nke mbụ nke Beijing kpebiri, dabere n'ụkpụrụ nke nkwụghachi ụgwọ, ịnakwere mkpebi enweghị ego nke ụlọ ikpe obodo Aachen, Germany nyere, bụ nke họpụtara onye nchịkwa enweghị ego (Lee In re DAR (2022) Jing 01 Po Shen No. 786 ((2022)京01破申786号).
Ikpe nke In re DAR (2022) bụ akara nke ugboro abụọ nke ụlọ ikpe ndị China ghọtara ikpe ndị ohi ego German, na nke mbụ de jure reciprocity - a na-eji ule nnwere onwe ọhụrụ eme ihe na mmanye nke ikpe mba ọzọ na China.
yiri ikpe nke Ụlọ ọrụ Xihe Holdings Pte. Ltd. et al. (2020), ebe amatara ikpe ikpe akụ na ụba Singapore Singapore na China, ikpe nke In re DAR (2022) tụlekwara ngwa ahụ dabere na iwu ụlọ ọrụ akụ na ụba (EBL), kama Iwu usoro iwu obodo (CPL). EBL nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ihe a chọrọ dị ka ndị dị n'okpuru CPL, ma e wezụga na maka ikpe mpụ ego nke mba ọzọ, enwere ihe ọzọ a chọrọ, ya bụ, nchebe nke ọdịmma nke ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ na mpaghara China.
Ikpe nke In re DAR (2022) bụ ikpe nke abụọ gbasara de jure reciprocity, ozugbo emechara. Mbupu Spar v Grand China Logistics (2018) Ebe mbụ a ghọtara ikpe ego ego Bekee na China.
N'ịtụle ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ nke nkwụghachi ụgwọ na amụma ikpe nke SPC 2022 adịghị emetụta ikpe ego akwụghị ụgwọ, ụlọ ikpe obodo China yiri ka ha nwere ezi uche n'ịkọwa nkwụghachi ụgwọ, na-ebute echiche dị iche iche - na ụfọdụ ụlọikpe (dị ka Xiamen Maritime Court na Ụlọ ọrụ Xihe Holdings Pte. Ltd. et al. (2020) ) ịnakwere ule nkwụghachi ụgwọ nke de facto gbakwunyere ule nkwụghachi ụgwọ, ebe ụlọikpe ndị ọzọ (dị ka Courtlọikpe Beijing na In re DAR (2022)) na-etinye de jure reciprocity.

Ụlọ ikpe ndị China na-agbaso ụkpụrụ nkwụghachi ụgwọ nke de jure n'oge a ma e jiri ya tụnyere nkwenye mbụ nke ikpe mkpebi ego German na 2015.

Nke a pụtara na ọ nweghị nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụkpụrụ nkwụghachi ụgwọ nke ụlọ ikpe ndị China nakweere ugbu a yana nkwa nkwụghachi ụgwọ n'okpuru Nkebi 328 (1) Nke 5 ZPO ( Usoro iwu obodo German).

N'afọ 2015, Courtlọ ikpe ndị mmadụ etiti nke Wuhan, China ("Ụlọikpe Wuhan"), dabere na nkwụghachi ụgwọ, matara ikpe mkpebi ego German maka oge mbụ. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, Courtlọ ikpe Wuhan ghọtara ikpe mpụ nke German n'ihi na Germany ghọtara ma mebie ikpe obodo na azụmahịa nke China.

Nke a post ga-ejegharị gị site na ikpe nke In re DAR (2022) Jing 01 Po Shen No. 786 ((2022)京01破申786号) ikpe nke Beijing First Intermediate People's Court ("Beijing Court") gbara na 16 Jan. 2023, bụ nke onye na-arịọ arịrịọ Dr. Andreas Ringstmeier (DAR) tinyere akwụkwọ maka nkwado nke ikpe enweghị ego (“ikpe German”) nke ụlọikpe obodo Aachen (“Ụlọikpe Aachen District”) nke Federal Republic of Germany mere. .

N'okwu a, ụlọ ikpe ndị China nakweere ọkọlọtọ de jure reciprocity na nkwado nke ikpe German. Kpọmkwem, Ụlọikpe Beijing na-amata ikpe ikpe German n'ihi na ụlọ ikpe German nwere ike ịnakwere ikpe ndị China na-akwụ ụgwọ ego dịka ndokwa nke German Insolvency Law.

Njikọ Posts:

Tebulu ọdịnaya

I. Okwu ndabere

Ụlọ ọrụ akwụrụ ụgwọ, ya bụ, LION GmbH, General Contractor & Engineering, (nke a bụ "Ụlọ ọrụ") na nke a bụ aha na Aachen, Germany, na nọmba ndebanye aha HRB6267. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, nke nwere ụlọ ọrụ dị na Beijing na Shanghai na ikike nke ezigbo ụlọ na Beijing, na-eme mgbanwe ahịa ahịa na-agafe agafe na China.

Na 7 Oct. 2010, Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbara akwụkwọ na-akwụ ụgwọ ego n'ụlọ ikpe Aachen n'ihi enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ na enweghị ego.

Na 1 Jan. 2011, Ụlọikpe Mpaghara Aachen mere mkpebi nke enweghị ego, ya bụ, ikpe German, ya na faịlụ ikpe 91 IE5/10, ma họpụta DAR, onye ọka iwu bi na Germany, dị ka onye nchịkwa ego nke Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.

Na 21 Nov. 2022, Ụlọikpe Beijing nakweere ngwa nke onye nchịkwa ego nke DAR maka nkwado nke ikpe German. N'otu ụbọchị ahụ, Ụlọikpe Beijing wepụtara ọkwa gbasara ikpe a na National Enterprise Bankruptcy Information Disclosure Platform (dị na: https://pccz.court.gov.cn/pcajxxw/index/xxwsy).

Na 16 Jan. 2023, Ụlọikpe Beijing mere mkpebi obodo, na-egosi na: (i) ịnakwere ikpe German; (ii) ịmata ikike DAR dị ka onye nchịkwa ego; na (ii) ikwe ka DAR weghara ihe onwunwe, akwụkwọ ndekọ ego na akwụkwọ, chọpụta mmefu kwa ụbọchị, jikwaa ma tụfuo ihe onwunwe nke Ụlọ ọrụ dị na China.

II. Echiche ụlọ ikpe

1. Nkwenye nke ikpe akụ na ụba German na ikike nke onye nchịkwa ego

(a) Enwere mmekọrịta n'etiti China na Germany?

Dị ka Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of China (企业破产法) si kwuo, ụlọ ikpe ndị China kwesịrị inyocha ngwa maka nkwenye nke ikpe mkpezi akụ na ụba mba ọzọ dabere na nkwekọrịta mba ụwa n'etiti China na mba mba ọzọ metụtara, ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ nke nkwụghachi ụgwọ na enweghị nkwekọrịta mba ụwa ọ bụla. .

Nyere na enweghị nkwekọrịta mba ụwa dị mkpa n'etiti China na Germany, ụlọikpe ndị China kwesịrị inyocha ngwa ahụ dabere na ụkpụrụ nke nkwụghachi ụgwọ.

Ụlọikpe Beijing kwuru na enwere mmekọrịta n'etiti China na Germany n'ihi ihe ndị a:

i. Nkeji edemede 343 nke German Insolvency Law kwuru na a ga-amata mmalite nke usoro ịkwụ ụgwọ mba ọzọ. N'ihi ya, a ga-amata usoro nbibi nke China malitere na Germany; a

ii. Enweghị ihe akaebe na-egosi na Germany jụrụ ịnakwere ikpe enweghị ego ọ bụla nke China.

(b) Ụlọikpe Aachen ọ̀ bụ ụlọikpe ruru eru?

Edebara aha ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ma biri na Aachen, Germany. Dị ka Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of China si kwuo, ikpe akụ na ụba kwesịrị ịdị n'okpuru ikike nke ụlọ ikpe dị na ebe obibi nke onye ji ụgwọ.

Ya mere, ịnakwere ikpe a site n'aka Ụlọikpe District Aachen adịghị emebi iwu nke Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of China na ikike.

(c) È mebiela ikike na ọdịmma ziri ezi nke ndị ji ụgwọ na China?

Ọ na-adọrọ mmasị ịhụ na, yiri ikpe nke Ụlọ ọrụ Xihe Holdings Pte. Ltd. et al. (2020), Ebe a ghọtara ikpe ikpe akụghị ego nke Singapore Singapore na China, ikpe nke In re DAR (2022) enyochakwara ngwa ahụ dịka iwu Enterprise Bankruptcy Law (EBL) siri dị, kama nke iwu Civil Procedure Law (CPL). EBL nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ihe achọrọ dị ka ndị dị n'okpuru CPL, belụsọ na maka ikpe mkpebi ego nke mba ofesi, enwere ihe ọzọ achọrọ, ya bụ, nchekwa nke ọdịmma nke ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ na mpaghara China.

Ụlọikpe Beijing kwuru na emebighị ikike na ọdịmma nke ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ na China n'ihi ihe ndị a:

i. Iwu insolvency German kwuru na usoro mwepu ego German bụ usoro mkpochapụ mkpokọta, na enweghị oke mkparị megide ndị ji China ụgwọ;

ii. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ adịghị etinye aka na ikpe ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ikpe ikpe na China;

iii. Enweghị ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ China na usoro ịkwụ ụgwọ nke Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ;

iv. Enweghị ndị ọzọ nwere ikike, ma e wezụga onye zụrụ ya, na-azọrọ megide ihe onwunwe nke Ụlọ ọrụ dị na China; na

vi. Enweghị onye nwere mmasị na-ebuli mkpesa ọ bụla na Ụlọikpe Beijing n'oge oge ọkwa.

2. Nye onye nchịkwa ego ikike ikike

Ụlọikpe Beijing nyere ikike itinye aka na onye nchịkwa ego n'ihi ihe ndị a:

i. Ọ dị mkpa maka ikpochapụ ihe onwunwe nke Ụlọ ọrụ na China;

ii. Ọ bụ n'ime oke ikike nke onye na-ahụ maka enweghị ego n'okpuru ihe ndị dị mkpa nke Iwu Insolvency German;

iii. Ọ bụ n'ime oke ọrụ nke onye nchịkwa enweghị ego n'okpuru iwu Enterprise Bankruptcy of China.

III. Okwu anyị

Na anyị n'isiokwu, anyị webatara ikpe ebe Ụlọikpe Mpaghara Saarbrucken dị na Germany jụrụ ịnakwere ikpe ndị China dabere na enweghị nkwughachi n'April 2021 ("Saarbrucken Case").

N'ihe gbasara nnabata na mmanye nke ikpe mba ọzọ, Ụlọikpe Mpaghara nke Saarbrucken leghaara eziokwu ahụ anya na China ekwenyela na nkwụghachi azụ na Germany na echiche ya na-emeghe maka ikpe mba ọzọ.

N'ime afọ ndị a, anyị na-arụ ọrụ iji kwado ntule ziri ezi nke ohere nke ịnakwere na ịmanye ikpe mba ọzọ na China site na ụlọ ọrụ, ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, ndị ọka iwu na ụlọikpe.

Dị ka o kwesịrị ịdị, anyị dere nyocha dị oke egwu, China na-ala azụ ịnakwere ikpe mba ọzọ? Nnukwu nghọtahie, gbasara ikpe Saarbrucken.

Na nyocha ahụ, anyị na-ewebata ikpe mbụ German ghọtara na nke ụlọ ikpe China kwadoro, ya bụ, ikpe mkpebi ego German nke Ụlọikpe Wuhan ghọtara nke mbụ kwuru n'elu.

Ọ na-ezo aka na ọchịchị obodo "(2012) E Wu Han Zhong Min Shang Wai Chu Zi No.00016"(2012)鄂武汉中民商外初字第00016号) nke Ụlọikpe Wuhan mere na 26 Nov. 2013

N'ime mkpebi a, Ụlọikpe Wuhan ghọtara mkpebi (Ọmụmụ 14 NA 335/09) nke Ụlọikpe District nke Montabaur nke Germany, nke e mere na 1 Dec. 2009 ma gbasara nhọpụta nke onye nchịkwa ego.

Courtlọ ikpe Wuhan rụtụrụ aka na mkpebi ya, na ọ kwadoro mmekọrịta ngbanwe dị n'etiti China na Germany dabere na mkpebi 2006 nke Courtlọikpe Mkpegharị Berlin, wee mata mkpebi nke Courtlọikpe Mpaghara Montabaur n'ihi ya.

Ụlọ ikpe mpaghara Saarbrucken kwenyere na nke a bụ ikpe dịpụrụ adịpụ, nke na-ezughị ezu iji gosi na nkwenye nkwụghachi ụgwọ n'ozuzu ya eguzobela site na omume ikpe.

N'ụzọ doro anya, okwu ahụ a tụlere na post a ekwenyela na nkwa nkwụghachi ụgwọ adịlarị n'etiti China na Germany. Anyị kwenyere na ụlọ ikpe German nwere ike ịdị mfe ịmata na mejuputa ikpe ndị China n'okpuru agbamume site na ikpe a.

Ọzọkwa, ikpe a na-egosikwa na ụlọikpe ndị China nwere, ebe ha na-ahapụ ụkpụrụ nke de facto reciprocity, malite na ụkpụrụ nke de jure reciprocity.

Mgbanwe a sitere amụma ikpe mara mma Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu Ndị Mmadụ (SPC) nyere na mbido 2022.

Na Maachị 2022, Ụlọikpe Maritime Shanghai kpebiri ịnakwere na mejuputa ikpe Bekee na Mbupu Spar v Grand China Logistics (2018) Hu 72 Xie Wai Ren No.1, na-aka akara oge mbụ na a na-amanye ikpe ego ego Bekee na China dabere na de jure reciprocity.

Zitere Post:

Oge mbụ China nabatara ikpe Bekee, na-emejuputa atumatu ikpe 2022 n'uju.

Okwu ikpe a a kpọtụrụ aha ebe a ma mara nke Ụlọikpe Beijing bụ ikpe nke abụọ gbasara de jure reciprocity mgbe okwu ahụ ekwuru n'elu gasịrị.

Dị ka ihe dị n'akụkụ, n'ịtụle ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ nke nkwụghachi ụgwọ dị na amụma ikpe nke SPC 2022 adịghị adabere na ikpe enweghị ego (lee "Otu ụlọ ikpe ndị China si enyocha ngwa maka mmanye nke ikpe mba ofesi: Usoro na oke ngwa") Ụlọikpe obodo ndị China yiri ka ha nwere ikike n'ịkọwa nkwụghachi azụ, na-ebute echiche dị iche iche - na ụfọdụ ụlọikpe (dị ka Xiamen Maritime Court in In re Xihe Holdings Pte. Ltd. et al. (2020)) nakweere nke ahụ. de facto reciprocity test plus presumptive reciprocity test, ebe ụlọikpe ndị ọzọ (dị ka Ụlọikpe Beijing na nke a) na-etinye de jure reciprocity.

N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, anyị kwenyere na ikpe a bụ akara ngosi dị mma, ọ ga-agbakwa ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ ikpe mba ọzọ ume ka ha tinye akwụkwọ maka nkwado na mmanye nke ikpe na China.

Ị chọrọ nkwado n'ahịa ahịa oke na nnakọta ụgwọ?
CJO GlobalNdị otu nwere ike ịnye gị njikwa ihe egwu ịre ahịa n'oke ala China yana ọrụ nnakọta ụgwọ, gụnyere: 
(1) Mkpebi esemokwu azụmaahịa
(2) Nchịkọta ụgwọ
(3) Nchịkọta ikpe na onyinye nrite
(4) Odida & Nhazigharị
(5) Nkwenye ụlọ ọrụ na ịdị uchu kwesịrị ekwesị
(6) Ịdepụta na nyocha nkwekọrịta azụmahịa
Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ọrụ anyị, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na-ịchọrọ ịkọrọ gị akụkọ, ị nwere ike ịkpọtụrụ anyị Onye njikwa ahịa: 
Susan Li (susan.li@yuanddu.com).
Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ịmatakwu banyere CJO Global, biko pịa Ebe a. Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ịmatakwu banyere CJO Global ọrụ, biko pịa Ebe a. Ọ bụrụ na-ịchọrọ ịgụkwu CJO Global posts, biko pịa Ebe a.