Oge mbụ China nabatara ikpe Bekee, na-emejuputa atumatu ikpe 2022 n'uju.

Oge igodo:

• Na Maachị 2022, Ụlọikpe Maritime Shanghai kpebiri ịnakwere na mejuputa ikpe Bekee na Mbupu Spar v Grand China Logistics (2018) Hu 72 Xie Wai Ren No.1, na-akara oge mbụ nke a na-amanye ikpe ego ego Bekee na China dabere na nkwụghachi ụgwọ.
• Ọ bụghị naanị na ikpe a na-emepe ọnụ ụzọ maka ikpe ikpe ego Bekee ga-amanye na China, ma na-egosikwa na etinyelarị iwu ikpe ikpe enyi mba ofesi ọhụrụ nke China.
• Otu isi ihe iji hụ na mmanye nke ikpe bekee bụ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti China na England (ma ọ bụ UK, ma ọ bụrụ na n'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu), nke, n'okpuru ule reciprocity de jure (otu n'ime ule atọ ọhụrụ), kwadoro na nke a. ikpe.

Ọ bụghị naanị na ikpe a na-emepe ọnụ ụzọ maka ikpe ikpe ego Bekee ga-amanye na China, ma na-egosikwa na etinyelarị iwu ikpe ikpe enyi mba ofesi ọhụrụ nke China.

Na 17 Maachị 2022, site na nkwado nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke China (SPC), Ụlọikpe Maritime nke Shanghai kpebiri ịnakwere ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị Ikpe nke Bekee nyere (nke a na-esote "ikpe Bekee"), na ikpe ahụ. Spar Shipping AS v Grand China Logistics Holding (Group) Co., Ltd. (2018) Hu 72 Xie Wai Ren No.1 ((2018)沪72协外认1号), (nke a ga-esote "2022 Shanghai Case").

Nke a bụ nke mbụ mara ikpe na-esote Amụma ikpe ọhụrụ nke SPC e bipụtara na 2022. Otu isi ihe iji hụ na mmanye nke ikpe Bekee bụ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti China na England (ma ọ bụ UK, ma ọ bụrụ na n'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu), nke, n'okpuru ule reciprocity de jure (otu n'ime ule atọ ọhụrụ). kwadoro na nke a. Ọ na-egosikwa na amụma ọhụrụ ahụ ga-abawanye ohere nke nnabata na mmanye nke ikpe mba ọzọ na China.

I. Nchịkọta nke ikpe Shanghai 2022

Onye na-aza ajụjụ bụ Spar Shipping AS na onye na-aza ajụjụ bụ Grand China Logistics Holding (Group) Co., Ltd.

Esemokwu bilitere n'etiti onye na-azọrọ na onye na-aza ajụjụ gbasara mmakọ arụmọrụ maka ndị otu chata oge atọ. Onye na-arịọ arịrịọ ahụ gbara akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe azụmahịa nke Queen's Bench Division.

Na 18 Maachị 2015, England Queen's Bench Division Commercial Court kpebiri ikpe ya maka nkwụghachi ụgwọ nke onye na-arịọ arịrịọ. (Lee Spar Shipping AS v Grand China Logistics Holding (Group) Co, Ltd [2015] EWHC 718.)

Mgbe a gbasịrị akwụkwọ ikpe ahụ, Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị Ikpe nke Bekee kpere ikpe nke abụọ na 7 Oct. 2016, ma kwadoro ikpe nke ikpe mbụ. (Lee Grand China Logistics Holding (Group) Co Ltd v Spar Shipping AS [2016] EWCA Civ 982.)

Na Maachị 2018, onye na-azọrọ etinye akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe ebe onye na-aza ajụjụ nọ, ya bụ ụlọ ikpe mmiri Shanghai nke China, maka nkwado na mmanye nke ikpe Bekee.

Na 17 Mar. 2022, Ụlọikpe Maritime Shanghai mere mkpebi ikpe obodo na ikpe ahụ, na-amata ikpe Bekee.

II. Kedu ihe bụ isi okwu nke ikpe Shanghai 2022?

Isi okwu nke ikpe ahụ bụ ma e guzobela mmekọrịta n'etiti China na England (ma ọ bụ UK n'ọtụtụ ebe), n'akụkụ nkwenye na mmanye nke ikpe mba ọzọ?

Ọ bụrụ na mmekọrịta mmekọ dị otu a dị, a gaghị enwe oke oke iji mejuputa ikpe bekee na China.

Kpọmkwem, n'okpuru iwu usoro iwu obodo nke PRC, ụlọ ikpe ndị China ga-amata ma mebie ikpe mba ofesi na ọnọdụ ndị a:

(1) China emechiela nkwekọrịta mba ụwa ma ọ bụ nkwekọrịta mba ọzọ dị mkpa na obodo ebe emere ikpe ahụ; ma ọ bụ

(2) mmekọrịta ngbanwe dị n'etiti China na obodo ebe e kpere ikpe na enweghị nkwekọrịta ahụ e kwuru n'elu ma ọ bụ nkwekọrịta nke abụọ.

N'iburu n'uche na UK akwụsịbeghị nkwekọrịta mba ụwa ọ bụla ma ọ bụ nkwekọrịta mba abụọ na China, isi okwu na-ahapụ ịbụ ma enwere mmekọrịta n'etiti UK na China.

N'ụzọ doro anya, iji zaa ajụjụ a, anyị kwesịrị ibu ụzọ ghọta otú e si akọwa mmekọ ọnụ n'okpuru iwu China.

Tupu 2022, ule nkwụghachi ụgwọ na omume ikpe China bụ de facto reciprocity, nke pụtara na ọ bụrụ na mba ọzọ achọpụtalarị ikpe ndị China, ụlọ ikpe China nwere ike iche na mmekọrịta ngbanwe dị n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ, yabụ ụlọikpe ndị China ga-amata ya. ikpe nke mba ọzọ.

Yabụ, UK ọ na-emezu ụkpụrụ dị otú ahụ? Ọ nwere mmekọrịta ngbanwe ọ bụla hibere n'etiti China na UK?

Tupu afọ 2022, azịza anyị bụ 'Ọ dịghị n'aka', n'ihi na anyị ahụla ikpe n'afọ ndị mbụ ebe ụlọ ikpe China jụrụ ịnakwere ikpe Bekee dabere na enweghị nkwụghachi ụgwọ (Lee. Russia National Symphony Orchestra, Art Mont Company v. Beijing International Music Festival Society (2004) Er Zhong Min Te Zi Nke 928 ((2004) 二中民特字第928号)), wee bụrụ ikpe ọzọ na nso nso a ebe ụlọ ikpe Bekee zoro aka na nnabata nke ikpe China na iwu nchekwa dị mkpa na Spliethoff's Bevrachtingskantoor Bv v. Bank of China Limited [2015] EWHC 999 (nke a ga - eme “Spliethoff Case”). Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ihe na-ejighị n'aka ma Spliethoff Case nwere ike bụrụ ihe mbụ, nke na-esetịpụ ihe ndabere maka mmekọrịta nkwụghachi azụ n'okpuru ule nkwụghachi ụgwọ.

III. Kedu ka ụlọ ikpe Maritime Shanghai si emeghachi omume na isi okwu ahụ ekwuru?

Ekwupụtabeghị ikpe ikpe a n'ihu ọha, a na-ekwukwa na ọ dị otú ahụ n'ime ọnwa ole na ole. Otú ọ dị, dabere na ọmụma Onye ọka iwu onye na-azọrọ ekpughere ya, anyị nwere ike ịghọta nke ọma echiche ndị ọka ikpe dịka ndị a:

1. Ọkọlọtọ Reciprocity nke China

Ụlọ ikpe Maritime Shanghai kwuru na ụkpụrụ nke nkwụghachi ụgwọ enyere n'okpuru iwu usoro iwu obodo nke PRC ejedebeghị ruo n'ókè nke ụlọ ikpe mba ọzọ dị mkpa kwesịrị ibu ụzọ mata mkpebi ikpe ndị ụlọ ikpe China nyere n'ihe gbasara obodo na azụmahịa.

(CJO Rịba ama: Ọ pụtara na Ụlọikpe Maritime Shanghai dị njikere ịkagbu ule reciprocity nke ụlọ ikpe China nwere ogologo oge.)

Ụlọikpe Maritime nke Shanghai kwukwara na a ga-ewere nkwụghachi ụgwọ dị adị ma ọ bụrụ na ụlọ ikpe mba ọzọ ga-amata ikpe ndị China n'ihe gbasara obodo ma ọ bụ azụmahịa ma tinye ya n'ọrụ.

(CJO Rịba ama: Ọ pụtara na Ụlọikpe Maritime Shanghai akọwaala ma tinye ule nkwụghachi ụgwọ ọhụrụ - de jure reciprocity.)

2. Okwu Spliethoff

Ụlọikpe Maritime nke Shanghai kwuru na, ọ bụ ezie na e kwuru okwu iji "nabata" ikpe ụlọikpe China na iwu nchekwa ya na Spliethoff Case, e kwesịghị iwere ya dị ka "nghọta" n'ọnọdụ nke "nghọta na mmanye nke ikpe ụlọ ikpe mba ọzọ" .

Ya mere, Spliethoff Case emeghị ihe atụ maka ụlọ ikpe Bekee iji mata ma mee ka ikpe ndị China kwadoro.

(CJO Cheta na: Ọ pụtara na Spliethoff Case adịghị ezute de facto reciprocity ule etinyere ọtụtụ ebe tupu 2022. Shanghai Maritime Court kwuru okwu na-egosi na ọ ghọtara na English ikpe oge a na-adabereghị na ochie de facto reciprocity ule, ka e mesie ule nnabata nke ọhụrụ ọ nakweere kama.)

3. Nlebanya dị mkpa

The Shanghai Maritime Court ẹkenịmde na ọ bụ ezie na zara ajụjụ rụrụ ụka na English ikpe nwere njehie na ngwa nke Chinese iwu, ọ gụnyere a substantive ikike na ọrụ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị ọzọ, n'ihi ya, ọ dara n'ofè nke nyochaa na ikpe nke ude na mmanye nke. ikpe mba ọzọ.

Ụlọikpe Maritime nke Shanghai gara n'ihu kwupụta na ọ bụrụgodị na ọ bụ ntinye iwu na-ezighị ezi, ọ gaghị abụ ihe kpatara ịjụ nkwenye na mmanye ma ọ bụrụ na ọ mebiri ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke iwu China, usoro ọha na eze na ọdịmma ọha na eze. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ ebe ekwesịrị ịjụ nkwado na nke a.

(CJO Rịba ama: ọ pụtara na Ụlọikpe Maritime Shanghai na-egosi na ọ gaghị eme nyocha dị mkpa nke ikpe mba ọzọ.)

IV. Ikpe 2022 Shanghai na-emetụta amụma ọhụrụ China na 2022

China bipụtara amụma ikpe mara mma na mmanye nke ikpe mba ọzọ na 2022, na-amalite oge ọhụrụ maka nchịkọta ikpe na China.

Amụma ikpe bụ “Nchịkọta Mgbakọ nke Symposium on the Foreign Commercial and Maritime Trials of Courts Nationwide” (nke na-esote “nchịkọta ọgbakọ 2021”), nke SPC wepụtara na 31 Dec. 2021.

Nchịkọta Ọgbakọ 2021 na-ewebata njirisi ọhụrụ maka ikpebi nkwụghachi ụgwọ, nke nọchiri ule nkwụghachi ụgwọ gara aga.

The ọhụrụ reciprocity njirisi na-agụnye ule atọ, ya bụ, de jure reciprocity, nghọta ma ọ bụ nkwenye, na ntinye aka na-enweghị isi, nke na-adabakwa na njedebe nke ngalaba omebe iwu, ikpe na nhazi.

Maka ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara njirisi nkwụghachi ụgwọ ọhụrụ, biko gụọ akwụkwọ mbụ "Otu Ụlọikpe China si ekpebi nkwekọrịta na mmanye ikpe nke mba ọzọ".

N'ịchọpụta mmekọrịta n'etiti China na UK, ụlọ ikpe dị na Shanghai 2022 nakweere otu n'ime ule atọ - de jure ule reciprocity – nke bu ụzọ pụta na amụma ọhụrụ China na 2022.

Ikpe a gosiputara na etinyere iwu ọhụrụ na 2022 n'ihu ọha.

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Ị chọrọ nkwado n'ahịa ahịa oke na nnakọta ụgwọ?
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(1) Mkpebi esemokwu azụmaahịa
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Susan Li (susan.li@yuanddu.com).
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